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PubMed
The marine nitrogen cycle: recent discoveries, uncertainties and the potential relevance of climate change
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
The ocean's nitrogen cycle is driven by complex microbial transformations, including nitrogen fixation, assimilation, nitrification, anammox and denitrification. Dinitrogen is the most abundant form of nitrogen in sea water but only accessible b...
PubMed
Nitrous oxide emissions from soils: how well do we understand the processes and their controls?
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Although it is well established that soils are the dominating source for atmospheric nitrous oxide (N(2)O), we are still struggling to fully understand the complexity of the underlying microbial production and consumption processes and the links to b...
PubMed
The nitrogen cascade from agricultural soils to the sea: modelling nitrogen transfers at regional watershed and global scales
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
The nitrogen cycle of pre-industrial ecosystems has long been remarkably closed, in spite of the high mobility of this element in the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Inter-regional and international commercial exchanges of agricultural goods, which consi...
PubMed
Sensitivity of continental United States atmospheric budgets of oxidized and reduced nitrogen to dry deposition parametrizations
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Reactive nitrogen (N(r)) is removed by surface fluxes (air–surface exchange) and wet deposition. The chemistry and physics of the atmosphere result in a complicated system in which competing chemical sources and sinks exist and impact that removal....
PubMed
Terrestrial nitrogen–carbon cycle interactions at the global scale
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Interactions between the terrestrial nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycles shape the response of ecosystems to global change. However, the global distribution of nitrogen availability and its importance in global biogeochemistry and biogeochemical inter...
PubMed
Processes regulating nitric oxide emissions from soils
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive gas that plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry by influencing the production and destruction of ozone and thereby the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. NO also contributes by its oxidation products to th...
PubMed
Ice sheets and nitrogen
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Snow and ice play their most important role in the nitrogen cycle as a barrier to land–atmosphere and ocean–atmosphere exchanges that would otherwise occur. The inventory of nitrogen compounds in the polar ice sheets is approximately 260 Tg N, do...
PubMed
The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (N(r)) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority of the transformations of anthropogenic N(r) are ...
PubMed
The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century: introduction
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
PubMed
Towards a climate-dependent paradigm of ammonia emission and deposition
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Existing descriptions of bi-directional ammonia (NH(3)) land–atmosphere exchange incorporate temperature and moisture controls, and are beginning to be used in regional chemical transport models. However, such models have typically applied simpler ...
PubMed
Decreased translation of Dio3 mRNA is associated with drug-induced hepatotoxicity
Biochem J
Recent work has demonstrated the importance of post-transcriptional gene regulation in toxic responses. In the present study, we used two rat models to investigate mRNA translation in the liver following xenobiotic-induced toxicity. By combining poly...
PubMed
Comprehensive characterization and optimization of anti-LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) monoclonal antibodies
Biochem J
Missense mutations in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) are a major cause of PD (Parkinson's disease). Several antibodies against LRRK2 have been developed, but results using these polyclonal antibodies have varied widely leading to conflicti...
PubMed
Doctors’ and nurses’ views on patient care for type 2 diabetes: an interview study in primary health care in Oman
Prim Health Care Res Dev
AIM: This study aimed at exploring the experiences of primary health-care providers of their encounters with patients with type 2 diabetes, and their preferences and suggestions for future improvement of diabetes care. BACKGROUND: Barriers to good di...
PubMed
Comment on “The Molecular Evolutionary Patterns of the Insulin/FOXO Signaling Pathway”
Evol Bioinform Online
Letter to the Editor on Wang M, Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang X, Pan Y. The molecular evolutionary patterns of the insulin/FOXO signaling pathway. Evol Bioinform. 2013;9:1–16. doi: 10.4137/EBO.S10539.
PubMed
Nigerian Medical Students’ Opinions About Individuals Who Use and Abuse Psychoactive Substances
Subst Abuse
Substance use disorders are prevalent in Nigeria. The number of available specialist health providers is inadequate to fill the treatment gap. Interventions can be provided by nonspecialist health providers and have been found to be beneficial. Howev...
PubMed
Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 Modulates Behavioral Effects of Ethanol
Subst Abuse
BACKGROUND: Few treatment options for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) exist and more are critically needed. Here, we assessed whether trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), a modulator of brain monoamine systems, is involved in the behavioral and re...
PubMed
Immunohaematological reference values for HIV-negative healthy adults in Botswana
Afr J Lab Med
BACKGROUND: Clinical laboratories in Botswana have relied entirely on the reference intervals for normal immunohaematological values provided by manufacturers’ kits and textbooks. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the means, median...
PubMed
The Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: a Compilation of Published Literature on Health Needs and Relief Activities, March 2011-September 2012
PLoS Curr
Objective To provide an overview of the health needs following the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster and the lessons identified. Methods The relevant of peer review and grey literature articles in English and Japanese, and books in Japanese, publi...
PubMed
Health Effects of Drought: a Systematic Review of the Evidence
PLoS Curr
Introduction. Climate change projections indicate that droughts will become more intense in the 21 century in some areas of the world. The El Niño Southern Oscillation is associated with drought in some countries, and forecasts can provide advance w...
PubMed
Which Anthropometric Indicators Identify a Pregnant Woman as Acutely Malnourished and Predict Adverse Birth Outcomes in the Humanitarian Context?
PLoS Curr
Currently there is no consensus on how to identify pregnant women as acutely malnourished and when to enroll them in nutritional programmes. Médecins Sans Frontières Switzerland undertook a literature review with the purpose of determining values o...